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The great diversity of mammals from the Los Alamitos Formation (Campanian–Maastrichtian) in Río Negro Province, Argentina has provided significant information about the evolution of South American dryolestoids. Among these mammals the alleged dryolestid Leonardus cuspidatus Bonaparte was described based on a fragment of maxilla with four molariforms. A right mandibular fragment with two molariforms...
In this paper, the history of the type material of the asteroid Helianthaster rhenanus F. Roemer 1862 has been reconstructed. The most complete part is exhibited in the Teylers Museum in Haarlem, The Netherlands. This Haarlem type specimen is illustrated here, and interestingly, the X-ray seems to confirm the presence of large, semicircular muscle flanges along the midline of the arms, as figured...
The traditional age stages for eutherian mammals (infant, juvenile, adult, senile) can be difficult to apply in the fossil record. Based on the tooth eruption and wear of the cheek teeth we propose six “individual dental age stages” (IDAS) that can be applied to almost all fossil and extant mammalian dentitions. The six stages of IDAS cover the entire life span. Traditional terms can be correlated...
We here present the first systematic description of Devonian plant fossils from Chile. The material was collected from the Upper Devonian El Toco Formation in the Coastal Cordillera of northern Chile. Plant fossils occur as impressions of lycopsid axes in marine turbiditic greywacke beds and comprise Haplostigmafurquei (Frenguelli) Gutiérrez, Malanzania cf. nana Archangelsky, Azcuy and Wagner, and...
For the first time, a large number of belemnite arm hooks is described from the Lower Cretaceous (Middle–Upper Albian boundary interval) of the classic locality of Folkestone in southern England. The arm hooks originate from six individual claystone layers; some could have been attributed to the parataxon Arites sp. Comparison is made with material from a drill core from Hannover, northern Germany...
From its first occurrence in the Middle Triassic to the Late Cretaceous, and thus for almost 200 Ma, Trigonia, type genus of the family Trigoniidae, has been a common constituent of global shallow-marine benthic faunas. The genus is highly over-split at the species level, which hampers sound biostratigraphic, palaeobiogeographic, and palaeoecologic applications. The present study focuses on two closely...
Codiacrinus schultzei Follmann, 1887 commonly occurs in the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate of Bundenbach (Germany). Although this cyathocrinid cladid has been studied for almost 125 years, its morphology remains incompletely known. This article reports unusual arm growth, the regeneration of an arm, the preservation of tegminal plates, the sculpture of the cup (hexagonal concentric lines), and the...
The holotype skeleton of the avian species Strigogyps sapea from the Middle Eocene of Messel preserves remains of the digestive tract that have not been studied so far. The crop content of the specimen includes numerous densely packed, tiny spherules containing large cavities. These peculiar structures match well with previously described fossil plant parenchyma cells with starch grain moulds. We...
Pretribosphenic dryolestoid molars are characterized by a reversed triangular alignment of the “primary trigon” (formed by the paracone, metacone and stylocone) and trigonid crucial for the embrasure shearing process. These molars are abraded along the protocristid and paracristid, and show a typical wear pattern with mesially and distally sloping dentine fields due to their thin enamel. The wear...
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